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Development of oncolytic virotherapy: from genetic modification to combination therapy

Qiaoshuai Lan, Shuai Xia, Qian Wang, Wei Xu, Haiyan Huang, Shibo Jiang, Lu Lu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 160-184 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0750-4

摘要： Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a novel form of immunotherapy using natural or genetically modified viruses to selectively replicate in and kill malignant cells. Many genetically modified oncolytic viruses (OVs) with enhanced tumor targeting, antitumor efficacy, and safety have been generated, and safety have been genetically modified, and some of which have been assessed in clinical trials. Combining OVT with other immunotherapies can remarkably enhance the antitumor efficacy. In this work, we review the use of wild-type viruses in OVT and the strategies for OV genetic modification. We also review and discuss the combinations of OVT with other immunotherapies.

关键词： immunotherapy     oncolytic virus     genetic modification     immune checkpoint blockade     chimeric antigen receptor T cell    

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Developments in genetic modification of cattle and implications for regulation, safety and traceability

Jan Pieter VAN DER BERG, Gijs A. KLETER, Evy BATTAGLIA, Martien A. M. GROENEN, Esther J. KOK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第2期   页码 136-147 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019306

摘要：

Genetic modification techniques, in particular novel gene editing technologies, hold the yet unfulfilled promise of altering genetic traits in farm animals more efficiently than by crossbreeding, allowing for a more rapid development of new cattle breeds with distinct traits. Gene editing technologies allow for the directed alteration of specific traits and thereby have the potential to enhance, for instance, disease resilience, production yield and the production of desired substances in milk. The potential implications of these technological advancements, which are often combined with animal cloning methods, are discussed both for animal health and for consumer safety, also with consideration of available methods for the detection and identification of the related products in the food supply chain. Finally, an overview is provided of current regulatory approaches in the European Union (EU) and major countries exporting beef to the EU, for products from animals bred through established practices as well as modern biotechnologies.

关键词： cattle     food safety     gene editing     genetic modification     GMO detection     regulation    

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Plant genetic engineering and genetically modified crop breeding: history and current status

Xingchun WANG,Shujun CHANG,Jie LU,Rupert FRAY,Don GRIERSON,Yuanhuai HAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第1期   页码 5-27 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017131

摘要： This review charts the major developments in the genetic manipulation of plant cells that have taken place since the first gene transfer experiments using Ti plasmids in 1983. Tremendous progress has been made in both our scientific understanding and technological capabilities since the first genetically modified (GM) crops were developed with single gene resistances to herbicides, insects, viruses, and the silencing of unde-sirable genes. Despite opposition in some parts of the world, the area planted with first generation GM crops has grown from 1.7 Mhm in 1996 to 179.7 Mhm hectares in 2015. The toolkit available for genetic modification has expanded greatly since 1996 and recently Nobel Laureates have called on Greenpeace to end their blanket opposition, and plant scientists have urged that consideration be given to the benefits of GM crops based on actual evidence. It is now possible to use GM to breed new crop cultivars resistant to a much wider range of pests and diseases, and to produce crops better able to adapt to climate change. The advent of new CRISPR-based technologies makes it possible to contemplate a much wider range of improvements based on transfer of new metabolic pathways and traits to improve nutritional quality, with a much greater degree of precision. Use of GM, sometimes in conjunction with other approaches, offers great opportunities for improving food quality, safety, and security in a changing world.

关键词： plant transformation     transgene     genetic modification    

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The genetic regulation of skeletal muscle development: insights from chicken studies

Wen LUO, Bahareldin A. ABDALLA, Qinghua NIE, Xiquan ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第3期   页码 295-304 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017159

摘要： Skeletal muscle development is a complex multi-process trait regulated by various genetic factors. The chicken embryo is an ideal model system for studying skeletal muscle development. However, only a small proportion of the genetic factors affecting skeletal muscle development have been identified in chicken. The aim of this review is to summarize recent knowledge about the genetic factors involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle development in the chicken, such as gene polymorphisms, epigenetic modification, noncoding RNAs and transcription factors, which can influence skeletal muscle development at the genome, epigenome, transcriptome and proteome levels. Research on the regulation of skeletal muscle development in chicken is not yet comprehensive and most of the candidate genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms related to chicken muscle growth remain to be verified in experimental studies. In addition, the data derived from transcriptome sequencing and genome-wide association studies still require further investigation and analysis and comprehensive studies on the regulation of chicken skeletal muscle development will continue as a major research focus.

关键词： chicken     epigenetic modification     miRNAs     skeletal muscle development     SNP     transcription factor    

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Natural killer cell lines in tumor immunotherapy

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 56-66 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0177-7

摘要：

Natural killer (NK) cells are considered to be critical players in anticancer immunity. However, cancers are able to develop mechanisms to escape NK cell attack or to induce defective NK cells. Current NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy is aimed at overcoming NK cell paralysis through several potential approaches, including activating autologous NK cells, expanding allogeneic NK cells, usage of stable allogeneic NK cell lines and genetically modifying fresh NK cells or NK cell lines. The stable allogeneic NK cell line approach is more practical for quality-control and large-scale production. Additionally, genetically modifying NK cell lines by increasing their expression of cytokines and engineering chimeric tumor antigen receptors could improve their specificity and cytotoxicity. In this review, NK cells in tumor immunotherapy are discussed, and a list of therapeutic NK cell lines currently undergoing preclinical and clinical trials of several kinds of tumors are reviewed.

关键词： natural killer cell     natural killer cell line     tumor immunotherapy     genetic modification    

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Challenges of NK cell-based immunotherapy in the new era

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 440-450 doi: tzg@ustc.edu.cn

摘要：

Natural killer cells (NKs) have a great potential for cancer immunotherapy because they can rapidly and directly kill transformed cells in the absence of antigen presensitization. Various cellular sources, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), stem cells, and NK cell lines, have been used for producing NK cells. In particular, NK cells that expanded from allogeneic PBMCs exhibit better efficacy than those that did not. However, considering the safety, activities, and reliability of the cell products, researchers must develop an optimal protocol for producing NK cells from PBMCs in the manufacture setting and clinical therapeutic regimen. In this review, the challenges on NK cell-based therapeutic approaches and clinical outcomes are discussed.

关键词： natural killer cells     immunotherapy     adoptive transfer     genetic modification     immune checkpoint inhibitor    

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Sustainable functionalization and modification of materials via multicomponent reactions in water

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期   页码 1318-1344 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2150-6

摘要： In materials chemistry, green chemistry has established firm ground providing essential design criteria to develop advanced tools for efficient functionalization and modification of materials. Particularly, the combination of multicomponent reactions in water and aqueous media with materials chemistry unlocks a new sustainable way for constructing multi-functionalized structures with unique features, playing significant roles in the plethora of applications. Multicomponent reactions have received significant consideration from the community of material chemistry because of their great efficiency, simple operations, intrinsic molecular diversity, and an atom and a pot economy. Also, by rational design of multicomponent reactions in water and aqueous media, the performance of some multicomponent reactions could be enhanced by the contributing “natural” form of water-soluble materials, the exclusive solvating features of water, and simple separating and recovering materials. To date, there is no exclusive review to report the sustainable functionalization and modification of materials in water. This critical review highlights the utility of various kinds of multicomponent reactions in water and aqueous media as green methods for functionalization and modification of siliceous, magnetic, and carbonaceous materials, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, peptides, proteins, and synthetic polymers. The detailed discussion of synthetic procedures, properties, and related applicability of each functionalized/modified material is fully deliberated in this review.

关键词： materials     multicomponent reactions     modification     functionalization     water    

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An investigation on modification mechanism of CH

Qiang XIN, Shanghong HUANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 293-300 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0403-0

摘要： Rising oil price has brought huge cost pressure for low grade highway construction, and it is urgent to find alternative resources. At the same time, there are nearly 50000–60000 tons of low temperature coal output in inner Mongolia region, China, which has high toxicity and high polluting. To make the low temperature coal be applicable for road constructions, the formaldehyde is used as cross linking agent, the concentrated sulfuric acid is used as catalyst, and the chemical modification of low temperature coal tar pitch in Inner Mongolia region is investigated. The road performance (softening point, penetration and ductility) of modified low temperature coal are tested. Results shown that the road performance of modified low temperature coal is increased significantly. Modification mechanism of low temperature coal is studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy and other analytical tools. Results show that, in the modified low temperature coal, resin content increases and the resin fiber diameter becomes larger with the increasing of formaldehyde content.

关键词： low temperature     coal tar pitch     modification     road performance    

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Research progress on low dielectric constant modification of cellulose insulating paper for power transformers

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 991-1009 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2259-7

摘要： Because of the increase in the transmission voltage levels, the demand for insulation reliability of power transformers has increasingly become critical. Cellulose insulating paper is the main insulating component of power transformers. To improve the insulation level of ultrahigh voltage transformers and reduce their weight and size, reducing the dielectric constant of oil-immersed cellulose insulating paper is highly desired. Cellulose is used to produce power-transformer insulating papers owing to its excellent electrical properties, renewability, biodegradability and abundance. The dielectric constant of a cellulose insulating paper can be effectively reduced by chemical or physical modification. This study presents an overview of the foreign and domestic research status of the use of modification technology to reduce the dielectric constant of cellulose insulating papers. All the mentioned methods are analyzed in this study. Finally, some recommendations for future modified cellulose insulating paper research and applications are proposed. This paper can provide a reference for further research on low dielectric constant cellulose insulating paper in the future.

关键词： low dielectric constant     chemical and physical modification     cellulose insulating paper     transformer     nanomaterials.    

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Crystal modification of rifapentine using different solvents

Kun ZHOU, Jun LI, Jianhong LUO, Dongsheng ZHENG,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 65-69 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0302-6

摘要： Rifapentine crystals with different habits were prepared by recrystallization from selected solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, chloroform, and acetic acid. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectrometry, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of the prepared crystals. The comparative dissolution behaviors of the newly developed crystals and of rifapentine without being treated were also studied. Results show that the newly developed crystals were different from each other with respect to physical properties but were identical chemically. Needle-shaped crystals were obtained from methanol, ethanol, and chloroform solvents, and the block-shaped crystals were obtained from acetic acid solvent. X-ray diffraction spectra and differential scanning calorimetry investigation on those developed crystals clearly indicate that rifapentine has different crystal structure modification. When the crystal was obtained from acetic acid, the change of crystal habit was originated from the crystal structure modification. The dissolution rate of newly developed crystals was found to be higher than that of rifapentine without being treated. However, the modified crystal obtained from acetic acid shows the lower dissolution rate than crystals obtained from other solvents.

关键词： identical     scanning calorimetry     different     comparative dissolution     structure modification    

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Surface modification techniques of membranes to improve their antifouling characteristics: recent advancements

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 1837-1865 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2347-3

摘要： Surface modification techniques of membranes to improve their antifouling characteristics: recent advancements and developments

关键词： Surface modification techniques    

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Machine learning modeling identifies hypertrophic cardiomyopathy subtypes with genetic signature

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 768-780 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0982-1

摘要： Previous studies have revealed that patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) exhibit differences in symptom severity and prognosis, indicating potential HCM subtypes among these patients. Here, 793 patients with HCM were recruited at an average follow-up of 32.78 ± 27.58 months to identify potential HCM subtypes by performing consensus clustering on the basis of their echocardiography features. Furthermore, we proposed a systematic method for illustrating the relationship between the phenotype and genotype of each HCM subtype by using machine learning modeling and interactome network detection techniques based on whole-exome sequencing data. Another independent cohort that consisted of 414 patients with HCM was recruited to replicate the findings. Consequently, two subtypes characterized by different clinical outcomes were identified in HCM. Patients with subtype 2 presented asymmetric septal hypertrophy associated with a stable course, while those with subtype 1 displayed left ventricular systolic dysfunction and aggressive progression. Machine learning modeling based on personal whole-exome data identified 46 genes with mutation burden that could accurately predict subtype propensities. Furthermore, the patients in another cohort predicted as subtype 1 by the 46-gene model presented increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. By employing echocardiography and genetic screening for the 46 genes, HCM can be classified into two subtypes with distinct clinical outcomes.

关键词： machine learning methods     hypertrophic cardiomyopathy     genetic risk    

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RNA m6A modification and its function in diseases

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 481-489 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0654-8

摘要：

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common post-transcriptional RNA modification throughout the transcriptome, affecting fundamental aspects of RNA metabolism. m6A modification could be installed by m6A “writers” composed of core catalytic components (METTL3/METTL14/WTAP) and newly defined regulators and removed by m6A “erasers” (FTO and ALKBH5). The function of m6A is executed by m6A “readers” that bind to m6A directly (YTH domain-containing proteins, eIF3 and IGF2BPs) or indirectly (HNRNPA2B1). In the past few years, advances in m6A modulators (“writers,” “erasers,” and “readers”) have remarkably renewed our understanding of the function and regulation of m6A in different cells under normal or disease conditions. However, the mechanism and the regulatory network of m6A are still largely unknown. Moreover, investigations of the m6A physiological roles in human diseases are limited. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in m6A research and highlight the functional relevance and importance of m6A modification in in vitro cell lines, in physiological contexts, and in cancers.

关键词： RNA modification     m6A     immunity     cancer     epigenetics    

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Hydrophilic modification of poly(aryl sulfone) membrane materials toward highly-efficient environmental

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 614-633 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2115-1

摘要： Poly(aryl sulfone) as a typical membrane material has been widely used due to excellent mechanical, chemical and thermal stability. However, the inherent hydrophobicity of poly(aryl sulfone) based membranes bears with the fouling issue during applications, which makes the membrane tending to adsorb contaminants on the surface so as to result in decreased separation performance and lifetime. In this critical review, we give a comprehensive overview on characterizations of hydrophilic membrane and diverse hydrophilic modification approaches of poly(aryl sulfone) membranes, predominantly including bulky, blending and surface modification technology. The discussions on the different modification methods have been provided in-depth. Besides, focusing on modification methods and performance of modified membranes, the related mechanisms for the performance enhancement are discussed too. At last, the perspectives are provided to guide the future directions to develop novel technology to manipulate the hydrophilicity of poly(aryl sulfone) membranes toward diverse practical and multi-functional applications.

关键词： poly(aryl sulfone)     membrane separations     modification     hydrophilicity     water treatment    

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Feasibility of bubble surface modification for natural organic matter removal from river water using

Yulong Shi, Jiaxuan Yang, Jun Ma, Congwei Luo

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0954-2

摘要： A novel, functionalized bubble surface can be obtained in dissolved air flotation (DAF) by dosing chemicals in the saturator. In this study, different cationic chemicals were used as bubble surface modifiers, and their effects on natural organic matter (NOM) removal from river water were investigated. NOM in the samples was fractionated based on molecular weight and hydrophobicity. The disinfection byproduct formation potentials of each fraction and their removal efficiencies were also evaluated. The results showed that chitosan was the most promising bubble modifier compared with a surfactant and a synthetic polymer. Tiny bubbles in the DAF pump system facilitated the adsorption of chitosan onto microbubble surfaces. The hydrophobic NOM fraction was preferentially removed by chitosan-modified bubbles. Decreasing the recycle water pH from 7.0 to 5.5 improved the removal of hydrophilic NOM with low molecular weight. Likewise, hydrophilic organic compounds gave high dihaloacetic acid yields in raw water. An enhanced reduction of haloacetic acid precursors was obtained with recycle water at pH values of 5.5 and 4.0. The experimental results indicate that NOM fractions may interact with bubbles through different mechanisms. Positive bubble modification provides an alternative approach for DAF to enhance NOM removal.

关键词： Bubble surface modification     Chitosan     Disinfection by-product     Dissolved air flotation     Organic fraction    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Development of oncolytic virotherapy: from genetic modification to combination therapy

Qiaoshuai Lan, Shuai Xia, Qian Wang, Wei Xu, Haiyan Huang, Shibo Jiang, Lu Lu

期刊论文

Developments in genetic modification of cattle and implications for regulation, safety and traceability

Jan Pieter VAN DER BERG, Gijs A. KLETER, Evy BATTAGLIA, Martien A. M. GROENEN, Esther J. KOK

期刊论文

Plant genetic engineering and genetically modified crop breeding: history and current status

Xingchun WANG,Shujun CHANG,Jie LU,Rupert FRAY,Don GRIERSON,Yuanhuai HAN

期刊论文

The genetic regulation of skeletal muscle development: insights from chicken studies

Wen LUO, Bahareldin A. ABDALLA, Qinghua NIE, Xiquan ZHANG

期刊论文

Natural killer cell lines in tumor immunotherapy

null

期刊论文

Challenges of NK cell-based immunotherapy in the new era

null

期刊论文

Sustainable functionalization and modification of materials via multicomponent reactions in water

期刊论文

An investigation on modification mechanism of CH

Qiang XIN, Shanghong HUANG

期刊论文

Research progress on low dielectric constant modification of cellulose insulating paper for power transformers

期刊论文

Crystal modification of rifapentine using different solvents

Kun ZHOU, Jun LI, Jianhong LUO, Dongsheng ZHENG,

期刊论文

Surface modification techniques of membranes to improve their antifouling characteristics: recent advancements

期刊论文

Machine learning modeling identifies hypertrophic cardiomyopathy subtypes with genetic signature

期刊论文

RNA m6A modification and its function in diseases

null

期刊论文

Hydrophilic modification of poly(aryl sulfone) membrane materials toward highly-efficient environmental

期刊论文

Feasibility of bubble surface modification for natural organic matter removal from river water using

Yulong Shi, Jiaxuan Yang, Jun Ma, Congwei Luo

期刊论文